Who issues the Maryland plumbing license and at what level
Maryland licenses plumbing at state level through the Maryland State Board of Plumbing. The board sits in the Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing at the Maryland Department of Labor, at 100 S. Charles Street, Tower I, Baltimore, MD 21201. The board's own description of its job is narrow and useful: it licenses and regulates individuals who provide or assist in providing plumbing and gas services in Maryland, and it also issues natural gas fitter licenses and propane gas service certificates to qualified non-plumbers.
The governing law is Title 12 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, and the regulations are COMAR 09.20, which the board links from its law and regulations page.
Section 12-301 states the licensing rule and its exemptions. An individual must be licensed by the board before providing plumbing, assisting with plumbing, providing propane gas services or providing natural gas services in the state. The exemptions are listed in the same section and are worth knowing because they define the edges of your market: a homeowner doing work in that homeowner's own residence but not making final connections to a public or private disposal or water supply system, gas company employees regulated by the Public Service Commission, work merely incidental to licensed plumbing services, uncompensated incidental services, building maintenance employees doing minor repairs as defined by board regulation, appliance installers licensed in Allegany, Frederick, Garrett and Washington counties within the scope of that license, Washington County septic installers and on-site utility contractors working at least five feet from buildings, and state licensed HVAC contractors servicing existing gas appliances after manufacturer training.
Sourceslabor.maryland.gov 1dllr.state.md.us 2dllr.state.md.us 3mgaleg.maryland.gov 4regs.maryland.gov 5
The license grades and what each one covers
Maryland stacks its credentials in grades rather than issuing one contractor license, and there are two parallel ladders plus two certificates.
The plumbing and gas ladder runs apprentice plumber and gas fitter, journey plumber and gas fitter, then master plumber and gas fitter. Note that the plumbing license carries the gas fitting authority with it. This is why the board's reciprocity page insists that an applicant coming from Baltimore County or WSSC hold both the plumbing and the gas portion of the license.
The natural gas ladder runs apprentice natural gas fitter, journey natural gas fitter and master natural gas fitter, and exists for qualified people who are not plumbers.
On top of those the board issues a propane gas fitter certificate, available through National Propane Gas Association certification, a prior county or municipal license, or equivalent qualifications, and a plumbing inspector certification. The inspector route requires a master or journey plumber license plus at least four years of experience as an inspector or craftsman in a building and construction trade, a written examination prepared and administered by the board, and the applicant to place a master's license on inactive status.
There is also a closed class. Section 12-310 creates limited master plumber and limited journey plumber licenses that authorize plumbing services only in a specified geographical area of the state. The board stopped issuing them after June 30, 1991. Existing holders may keep renewing them on two year terms, which is why the advertising statute still names the limited master license alongside the full one.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1dllr.state.md.us 2mgaleg.maryland.gov 3mgaleg.maryland.gov 4labor.maryland.gov 5
Maryland licenses the individual, and what that means for the company
The board licenses people. It does not issue a plumbing contractor license or a plumbing business license, and there is no company number to put on a bid. Every credential the board lists, from apprentice through master to the propane certificate and the inspector card, is issued to a named individual.
But a Maryland plumbing company is not free of the license. The statute reaches the business through the master plumber in three separate ways, and all three are enforceable against the company.
First, hiring. Section 12-602 says a master plumber, a holder of a limited master plumber license, or another person who engages in the business of providing plumbing services may not employ an individual to provide or assist in providing plumbing services unless that individual is licensed as a master or limited master, or is licensed as a journey plumber, limited journey plumber or apprentice plumber and works within the scope of that license.
Second, contracting. Section 12-501 says a master plumber or limited master plumber may not contract to provide plumbing services, on their own behalf or on behalf of another person who engages in the business, unless the work is covered by liability insurance.
Third, advertising. Section 12-504 requires every plumbing advertisement in the name of a person who engages in the business of providing plumbing services to carry the license number and name of the master plumber the business employs and designates to direct and control its plumbing services.
COMAR 09.20.02.01 completes the picture: all plumbing work must be performed, or supervised and approved, by a licensed master plumber who is available to direct and control all journey and apprentice plumbers.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1mgaleg.maryland.gov 2mgaleg.maryland.gov 3mgaleg.maryland.gov 4regs.maryland.gov 5regs.maryland.gov 6
Experience and training hours for each grade
The board publishes the hours on its license requirements page, and the numbers are specific.
An apprentice plumber and gas fitter must be at least 16 years of age. That is the entry point and the board lists no other requirement.
A journey plumber and gas fitter must have held an apprentice license for at least four years and completed 7,500 hours of training under the control and direction of a licensed master plumber, plus 32 hours of training in backflow prevention device testing.
A master plumber and gas fitter must have held a journey license for at least two years and completed 3,750 hours of training under the direction and control of a licensed master plumber.
The natural gas ladder runs on its own numbers. A journey natural gas fitter needs either a current license from Baltimore County or WSSC, or 3,750 working hours as an apprentice natural gas fitter over a period of at least two years plus an approved training course and the examination. A master natural gas fitter needs either a current Baltimore County or WSSC license, or at least four years of experience, or at least two years of gas fitting experience as a journey gas fitter, with an approved training program and the examination for the experience routes.
The apprentice license has a shelf life. The board states that an apprentice natural gas fitter or apprentice plumber and gas fitter license may only be renewed for two consecutive cycles before the holder must take the journey examination. With two year cycles that is a four year window to move up.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1dllr.state.md.us 2dllr.state.md.us 3
The backflow prevention requirement that stops applications
Backflow is the requirement Maryland applicants most often miss, because it is not an exam topic, it is a separate certificate you have to hold before the board will process you.
The board's license requirements page states that the journey plumber and gas fitter route includes 32 hours of training in backflow prevention device testing on top of the four years as an apprentice and the 7,500 hours. The board's examination page then lists a copy of your backflow certification among the documents you must have ready when you register with the testing service, alongside proof of hours worked and a copy of your driver's license.
The same certificate reappears on the reciprocity route. The board's reciprocal licensing page lists backflow certification among the documents an out of state applicant must submit, together with a verification letter from the current jurisdiction, a copy of the current license, photo identification, and for master level applicants a certificate of insurance naming the Maryland State Board of Plumbing as certificate holder.
The training itself is regulated. The board's education page points to COMAR 09.20.04, the cross connection and backflow prevention certification training program, and lists board approved backflow and cross connection courses alongside Maryland Apprenticeship and Training programs. COMAR 09.20.04 is one of the five chapters in the board's regulation subtitle.
For a contractor already working, this is the practical reading: keep every field employee's backflow certification current in the same file as their license, because the board will ask for it at exam time, at upgrade time and at reciprocity time.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1labor.maryland.gov 2dllr.state.md.us 3dllr.state.md.us 4regs.maryland.gov 5
The examination and the passing score, where two state sources differ
Maryland does not run its own test centres. The board's examination page states that PSI Examination Services provides all testing for the Maryland State Board of Plumbing, and lists the test locations as Baltimore, College Park, Hagerstown, Lanham and Salisbury. Candidates register through the PSI portal after reviewing the candidate information bulletin, and the board directs technical support questions to PSI and application questions to the board.
Four licenses require an examination: master plumber and gas fitter, master natural gas fitter, journey plumber and gas fitter, and journey natural gas fitter.
On the passing score, two Maryland state sources give different numbers and we report both rather than pick one. The board's regulations set the score at 70. COMAR 09.20.02 states that an applicant shall attain a passing grade of 70 to qualify for licensure as a journey plumber, and states the same grade of 70 for a master plumber license. The Maryland OneStop license listing for the master plumber and gas fitter license, which is a state portal rather than the board's own page, states that the applicant must pass a written examination with a score of at least 75 percent. The regulation is the instrument with legal force, but a candidate should study to the higher number and confirm with the board.
A passing score does not sit indefinitely. The board's licensing FAQ states that passing scores remain valid for one year from the exam date, so the license application has to follow the exam inside twelve months.
Sourceslabor.maryland.gov 1regs.maryland.gov 2onestop.md.gov 3dllr.state.md.us 4
Every fee the board charges, and a second place the sources differ
The board publishes its fee schedule on its forms and fees page, updated July 1, 2025, and COMAR 09.20.05.03 carries the same numbers as regulation.
Original license fees: master natural gas fitter $150.50, master plumber and gas fitter $87.50, journeyman natural gas fitter $68.50, journeyman plumber and gas fitter $43.50, apprentice natural gas fitter $18.50, apprentice plumber and gas fitter $18.50. The propane gas fitter certificate is $25.00 for the initial application and $31.50 for the certificate.
Renewal fees: master natural gas fitter $43.50, master plumber and gas fitter $87.50, journeyman natural gas fitter $31.50, journeyman plumber and gas fitter $43.50, and $18.50 for either apprentice grade. COMAR 09.20.05.03 also prices a letter of good standing at $50, unchanged between the 2024 and 2025 schedules.
There is no board examination fee. COMAR 09.20.05.03 states that examination fees are established by the testing service selected by the board rather than set in the regulation, which is consistent with the board sending candidates to PSI to register and pay.
One figure conflicts across state sources. The Maryland OneStop listing for the master plumber and gas fitter license gives an application cost of $70.00. The board's forms and fees page and COMAR 09.20.05.03 give $87.50 as the original license fee for that grade as of January 1, 2025, with $78 listed for the same grade under the January 1, 2024 schedule. Neither state page reconciles the $70.00 figure, so both are reported here.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1regs.maryland.gov 2onestop.md.gov 3labor.maryland.gov 4
Insurance: $300,000 and $100,000, and the board prints the answer on your license
Maryland is one of the states that writes the insurance minimum into the licensing statute rather than leaving it to the permit desk, and it enforces it in an unusually visible way.
Section 12-501 provides that a master plumber or holder of a limited master plumber license may not contract to provide plumbing services, on their own behalf or on behalf of another person who engages in the business of providing plumbing services, unless the plumbing work is covered by liability insurance of at least $300,000 for bodily injury and at least $100,000 for property damage. The board's insurance requirements page states the same split and totals it: at least $400,000 total coverage per occurrence, made of general liability of at least $300,000 and property damage of at least $100,000.
The certificate has to be issued properly. The board requires the Maryland State Board of Plumbing at 100 S. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 to be named as certificate holder, requires the policy documentation to carry the name and permanent registration or certificate number of the licensed person, and requires the insurer to be approved by the Maryland Insurance Administration. Insurers must give the board at least ten days written notice before cancelling, naming the licensee and registration number, which section 12-501 also requires.
Umbrella cover alone does not qualify. The board states that the underlying limits must be met through primary policies.
And the status is public. Section 12-501 directs the board to specify on the master or limited master plumber license whether the holder meets the insurance requirements. COMAR 09.20.03.01D adds that insurance provided by an employer does not satisfy section 12-501 for work done outside that employment.
Sourcesmgaleg.maryland.gov 1dllr.state.md.us 2regs.maryland.gov 3dllr.state.md.us 4
Renewal: two years, and a conflict between the statute and the board page
Maryland plumbing licenses renew on a two year cycle, and both the board and the statute agree on the length. They do not agree on the expiry date, and a contractor should know why.
Section 12-308 states that unless a license is renewed for a two year term, it expires on the first May 1 that comes after the effective date of the license and in an odd-numbered year. The board's renewal page states instead that all licenses and certificates issued by the State Board of Plumbing expire two years from date of issue. The reconciling clause is in the same statute: section 12-308(e) allows the Secretary to determine that licenses and certificates issued under the subtitle shall expire on a staggered basis, which is what produces a rolling two year term from the issue date. Both statements are on Maryland state sources, so both appear here.
The renewal mechanics are in section 12-308 and on the board's page. At least one month before expiry the board must mail or electronically send a renewal application form and a notice giving the expiry date and the renewal fee. The board's page says electronic renewal notices go out about 60 days before expiry to the address on file. A licensee who is contracting in the name of the licensee or another person must submit proof of the liability insurance required under section 12-501 with the renewal.
There is a hard stop. The board states that a license can be expired for a maximum of four years before the individual must retest, and its renewal page says the same in the form of a new application plus examination.
Sourcesmgaleg.maryland.gov 1labor.maryland.gov 2dllr.state.md.us 3mgaleg.maryland.gov 4
Continuing education: who has it and who does not
This is a point where secondary guides regularly overstate the requirement, so the distinction is worth drawing precisely from the board's own pages.
Standard plumbing licenses carry no continuing education requirement. The board's licensing FAQ states that there is no continuing education requirement for standard plumbing licenses. Nothing in section 12-308, the renewal section, conditions renewal on classroom hours. The renewal conditions in that section are being otherwise entitled to be licensed, paying the renewal fee, and submitting the renewal application plus proof of section 12-501 liability insurance where the licensee contracts.
Plumbing inspectors are different. The board's education page states that plumbing inspectors must complete eight hours of continuing education credits each calendar year, and cites Business Occupations and Professions Article, section 12-503(a)(1) as the legal basis. Courses may be conducted by the Maryland State Board of Plumbing, by county or local government entities, or by other providers approved by the board. The board's licensing FAQ repeats the eight hour annual figure for inspector cards.
So the split is clean. If you hold a master or journey plumber license and run a plumbing business, your renewal is fee, application and insurance proof. If you moved across to the inspector side, which requires placing the master license on inactive status, you pick up an annual eight hour obligation.
Backflow certification training is a separate track again, governed by COMAR 09.20.04 and delivered by board approved providers, and is a prerequisite rather than a renewal requirement.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1dllr.state.md.us 2mgaleg.maryland.gov 3dllr.state.md.us 4regs.maryland.gov 5
Reciprocity, and two board pages that do not match
Maryland's reciprocity is narrow and mostly regional, and the board's two pages on it list different sets. We report both.
The board's reciprocal licensing page names Baltimore County, WSSC, the District of Columbia and Delaware. The board's licensing FAQ says instead that the board only reciprocates with Delaware, Baltimore County and the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, leaving the District of Columbia out. Both pages are on the board's own site. Confirm the District of Columbia position with the board before relying on it.
Where the two pages agree, the conditions are specific. For the WSSC and Baltimore County routes the applicant must hold both the plumbing and the gas portion of the license, and the license must have been obtained by examination. For Delaware, only the master plumber and gas fitter license qualifies. Natural gas fitter licenses from Baltimore County or WSSC can transfer into Maryland.
The document pack is the same for all routes: a verification letter from the current jurisdiction, backflow certification, a copy of the current license, photo identification, and for master level applicants a certificate of insurance naming the Maryland State Board of Plumbing as certificate holder.
The statutory hook for the two county routes is section 12-305, which lets the board waive qualifications for a journey or master plumber license for holders of Baltimore County or WSSC credentials who meet the conditions, including fee payment, liability insurance, and evidence of substantially equivalent prior examination and qualifications. There is no general multi-state agreement, so a plumber from outside these four jurisdictions sits the Maryland examination.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1dllr.state.md.us 2mgaleg.maryland.gov 3dllr.state.md.us 4
What unlicensed work and uninsured work cost in Maryland
Maryland puts the prohibitions in subtitle 6 of Title 12 and the penalties in section 12-607, and the board runs a public page about it.
Section 12-601 carries the core prohibitions. A person may not provide, attempt to provide or offer to provide plumbing services unless licensed by the board. A person may not assist, attempt to assist or offer to assist in providing plumbing services unless licensed. Propane gas services and natural gas services carry parallel bans in the same section.
Section 12-607 prices the violations. A violation of section 12-601, or of sections 12-605 or 12-606 on fixtures and standards, is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding $100 or imprisonment not exceeding six months or both, for each day or part of each day that the violation continues. A violation of sections 12-602, 12-603 or 12-604, which include the unlicensed employment ban, carries a fine not exceeding $50 for each day or part of each day the violation continues. The board may separately impose a penalty not exceeding $5,000 for each violation.
Uninsured contracting is its own offense. Section 12-607 provides that a knowing and willful violation of section 12-501(a), the liability insurance requirement, is punishable by a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding six months or both.
The board summarizes the same exposure on its enforcement page, headed around the question of whether doing plumbing work in Maryland without a license or insurance is worth going to jail, and lists the fine and imprisonment figures alongside the $300,000 and $100,000 insurance minimums.
Sourcesmgaleg.maryland.gov 1mgaleg.maryland.gov 2mgaleg.maryland.gov 3dllr.state.md.us 4mgaleg.maryland.gov 5
Advertising: the license number on every document and both sides of every vehicle
This is the half of Maryland licensing that a working contractor trips over, and it is written down in two places with real specificity.
The statute is section 12-504. Each plumbing advertisement in the name of a person who engages in the business of providing plumbing services shall contain the license number and name of a master plumber or holder of a limited master plumber license whom the person employs and designates to direct and control the provision of plumbing services through the business of the person. So the ad carries both a number and a name, and the named person must be the one actually designated to control the work.
The regulation is COMAR 09.20.02.09. Under section B, the license number of the current master plumber shall be displayed on all documents used by any person holding themselves out to the public as providing plumbing services. And each vehicle that advertises plumbing services shall display the words MD Licensed Plumber and the license number of the current master plumber on both sides of the vehicle. Section E sets the lettering at not less than one and a half inches in height, and defines the reach of the rule: printed, audio, video or computerized advertisement of any type, including all estimate forms, contract forms and final statements.
Natural gas fitters and propane gas fitters get parallel wording, MD Licensed Natural Gas Fitter and MD Certified Propane Gas Fitter, on both sides of the vehicle with the number.
The board enforces it. Its advertisement page states that the board contacts companies that do not conform to state law when advertising plumbing services, with the missing license number as the main concern.
Sourcesmgaleg.maryland.gov 1regs.maryland.gov 2labor.maryland.gov 3regs.maryland.gov 4
Baltimore City: the state license is necessary but not sufficient
Baltimore City is Maryland's largest city and it adds a layer on top of the state license, which is the opposite of how Maine works.
The city's building code, section 2905 on licensing requirements, allows plumbing work only where the person is licensed to do so in accordance with state law, and requires that the services be done by or under the direct supervision of an insured, licensed master plumber. So a state journey plumber cannot run a Baltimore City job independently. The supervision condition is a city requirement sitting on top of the state grade.
Section 2903 on permits sets the paperwork. Unless specifically excepted by the plumbing regulations, no plumbing work may be undertaken before the Building Official has issued a permit for that work, and a permit may only be issued to a master plumber licensed to do business in the city, to a master gas fitter licensed to do business in the city, or for on-site utility facilities to a licensed on-site utility contractor. The same section says the Building Official may not issue a permit to any master plumber unless the master plumber has provided certification of insurance as required by state law, which is where the section 12-501 certificate does real work.
There is an emergency exception. Work may proceed without a permit to address a health or safety hazard, but the responsible party must promptly notify the proper city authorities and obtain a permit within a reasonable time.
Mechanically, permits run through the city's E-Permits system operated by the Department of Housing and Community Development, and plumbing work requires a licensed contractor registered in that system with a license number.
Sourcescodes.baltimorecity.gov 1codes.baltimorecity.gov 2baltimorecity.gov 3mgaleg.maryland.gov 4
WSSC territory: Montgomery and Prince George's counties
The second market a Maryland plumbing contractor has to plan for is the WSSC district, which covers the suburban Washington counties and runs its own licensing alongside the state board. This is why WSSC appears on the board's reciprocity page as a jurisdiction rather than as a customer.
WSSC Water issues five plumbing and gas fitting license levels of its own: apprentice, journeyman plumber, journeyman gasfitter, master plumber and master gasfitter. It also registers sewer and drain cleaners. Its published hour requirements are apprentice from age 16 with no trade experience, journeyman plumber 7,500 hours, journeyman gasfitter 3,750 hours, master plumber 3,750 hours as a journeyman, master gasfitter 3,750 hours as a journeyman, and sewer and drain cleaner 3,750 hours.
The fees are its own too: apprentice $20 for a lifetime license, journeyman initial or renewal $60, master examined initial $175 for four years, master examined renewal $175 for four years, and sewer and drain cleaner $75 for two years.
WSSC also warns about a step people miss. Your passing score is not automatically forwarded to WSSC Water, and to activate the license you must apply for a new or upgraded license through its ePermitting system or in person.
Insurance follows the same pattern as the state. Journeyman plumbers and sewer and drain cleaners acting as the licensee of record for sewer and drain cleaning must submit a certificate of insurance listing WSSC Water as certificate holder, and master licensees buying permits must provide liability insurance naming WSSC Water as certificate holder. WSSC states that it reciprocates licenses from Baltimore County and from Virginia.
Sourceswsscwater.com 1dllr.state.md.us 2dllr.state.md.us 3
How a customer, or a general contractor, verifies your Maryland license
The Maryland Department of Labor runs a public plumber license search and links it from the board's home page. It returns records for active licensees practicing in the state, and supports three ways in: by name, using the plumber's last name and optionally the city; by location, using city or zip code; and by license registration number.
The search covers active status only. The page states that anyone who needs details about disciplinary actions against a plumber must contact the board directly, with a toll free number published on the same page. So a homeowner can confirm in seconds that a license exists and is active, but the discipline history is a phone call.
Three consequences follow for a contractor who wants the license to help win the work.
First, the searchable field is the individual, not the company. A customer who searches your trading name will find nothing. Section 12-504 and COMAR 09.20.02.09 already require the master plumber's name and number on your advertising and on your estimates, contracts and final statements, so put them where the customer can copy them straight into the search box.
Second, section 12-501 has the board specify on the master or limited master license whether the holder meets the insurance requirements, which means your insurance status is attached to the credential a customer is checking.
Third, keep the address on file current. The record the public sees is the one the board holds, and the board sends renewal notices to that same address roughly 60 days out.
Sourcesdllr.state.md.us 1labor.maryland.gov 2mgaleg.maryland.gov 3regs.maryland.gov 4mgaleg.maryland.gov 5labor.maryland.gov 6